Brain

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brain : the portion of the vertebrate central nervous system enclosed in the skull and continuous with the spinal cord through the foramen magnum that is composed of neurons and supporting and nutritive structures (as glia) and that integrates sensory information from inside and outside the body in controlling autonomic function (as heartbeat and respiration), in coordinating and directing correlated motor responses, and in the process of learning — Webster

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Brain The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate’s body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 15–33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells. — Wikipedia

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Scientific American: Mind & Brain Science news and technology updates from Scientific American


Nature Reviews Neuroscience - Issue - nature.com science feeds Nature Reviews Neuroscience is the leading review journal in the neurosciences. It publishes articles that review recent progress in brain and nervous system research. Topics range from molecular and cellular aspects of neuronal development and function to behavior, cognition and disorders of the nervous system. By commissioning the best authors to write on the timeliest issues, and following a rigorous peer-review process, the journal provides an unparalleled source of information and opinion for neuroscientists in academia, clinical research and industry. One of the unique features of Nature Reviews Neuroscience is its extraordinary breadth and depth of coverage. This very broad scope – from molecules to mind – captures the essence of modern neuroscience, and allows the journal to attract readers from all areas of this ever-expanding discipline.

  • Systemic factors as mediators of brain...
    by John V. Pluvinage on January 8, 2020 at 12:00 am

    Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 08 January 2020; doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0255-9Cell-extrinsic changes in the systemic environment, transported to the site of action by the blood, have recently been shown to contribute to brain ageing. In this Review, Pluvinage and Wyss-Coray discuss how circulating molecules in the blood modulate brain function in health, ageing and disease.

  • Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the...
    by Katie A. Ferguson on January 7, 2020 at 12:00 am

    Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 07 January 2020; doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0253-yChanges in cortical gain enable neurons to respond adaptively to changing inputs. In this Review, Ferguson and Cardin describe the mechanisms that modulate cortical gain, and its effects on and relevance for cognition and behaviour.

  • The future of stem cell therapies for Parkinson...
    by Malin Parmar on January 6, 2020 at 12:00 am

    Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 06 January 2020; doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0257-7There has been considerable interest in cell-replacement strategies for the treatment of Parkinson disease. In this Review, Parmar, Grealish and Henchcliffe highlight some of the key developments in this field, with a focus on therapies based on dopamine neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells.

  • Tissue clearing and its applications...
    by Hiroki R. Ueda on January 2, 2020 at 12:00 am

    Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 02 January 2020; doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0250-1Tissue-clearing methods are now allowing 3D imaging of intact tissues and some entire mammals. In this Review, Ueda and colleagues discuss the various tissue-clearing methods, related techniques and data analysis and management, as well as the application of these methods in neuroscience.

  • Wrapping up memories
    by Darran Yates on December 24, 2019 at 12:00 am

    Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 24 December 2019; doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0261-yA new study indicates that adult oligodendrogenesis is important for memory consolidation in mice.