Milky Way Lost & Found

Have you seen the Milky Way?

You may think that you have, but are you sure?

Unless you live in an extremely remote area, or you’ve visited one, then you probably haven’t seen our own galaxy, the Milky Way, very well, or at all.

Worse yet, you may not even realize that it’s missing.

The New World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness demonstrated that vast swaths of people have never seen the Milky Way due to Light pollution. Here’s a link to a video and some articles about the the atlas.

We’re Missing More And More Of The Night Sky (Newsy, YouTube)

Light Pollution Limiting Night-Sky Views (Brady Dennis, Portland Press Herald/Washington Post)
The New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness (Fabio Falchi et al., Science Advances)

You can learn a lot more about the unexpectedly scary effects of light pollution on animals and us humans in a longer, more in-depth video from Seeker.

Light Pollution Is More Dangerous Than You Think (Seeker, YouTube)

Here’s a link to a 360° video from CNN that discusses the problem and explains how a group called the International Dark Sky Association is trying to improve the situation by establishing Dark Sky Places in remote locations like Utah’s Zion National Park.

The Endangered Starry Sky 360 Video (CNN, YouTube)

Here’s a story about a viral video that shows how the sky over New York City would look without the glow of lights blocking out the view.

Here’s What the Stars Above NYC Would Look Like If We Could See Them (Talia Avakian, Fortune)

That viral video was the work of filmmakers Harun Mehmedinovic and Gavin Heffernan, and it was just the latest addition to their Skyglow Project. They were inspired by the Dark Sky Movement, and they’ve published similar videos featuring Los Angeles and other places. Here’s is a link to a video that explains more about their work.

Skyglow Illuminating The Night Sky Talking Pictures (Wired, YouTube)

Now, back to how well you have seen the Milky Way.

For that, it is useful to know about the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale (Wikipedia). It’s used to rate the sky’s brightness on a scale of 1 to 9.

Here’s a link to a beautiful film entitled Lost in Light by Sriram Murali that shows the night sky as seen at different levels of the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale. Notice the Milky Way is increasingly prominent as it gets darker.

Where Are the Stars? Lost in Light, See How Light Pollution Affects Night Skies (Sriram Murali National Geographic, YouTube)

Now that you know how to quantify what you can or can not see, here’s a Interactive Light Pollution Map where you find out how well you can see the sky from where you are now or where you’ve been. To learn about how it works, check out the Help.

If you find that you have lost the Milky Way where you are, then you can figure out the nearest place to find it by using the International Dark Sky Association’s list of International Dark Sky Parks and their handy dandy Dark Sky Place Finder.

Finally, while I was doing research for this post, I tripped over this folksy music video about light pollution. Enjoy, and don’t forget, turn the lights down, or better yet, off!

Dark Skies: The Light Pollution Song (Matthew Dimakosm, YouTube)

Find out more about our galaxy …

Space Art & Junk

In certain circles it is not uncommon to trip across the debate “Is graffiti art?” You can also find scads about it online if you are so inclined (Google). However, the debate doesn’t come up all that often in the context of conversations about satellites or space… until now.

In 2018 a company named Rocket Lab launched some previously announced satellites from New Zealand. They also launched an unannounced satellite, and more notably, one with no explicit scientific or technical purpose. That satellite was The Humanity Star, and it was a carbon fiber geodesic sphere about 3 feet in diameter that is designed to reflect the sun in order to be one of the most visible objects in the night sky from anywhere on Earth for about nine months. Here’s an article about the satellite, its sponsor, Rocket Lab’s CEO Peter Beck, as well as the message that it is intended to convey.

Space-Spotting: How To See Humanity Star and Other Objects in Orbit (Lisa Ruth Rand, Popular Mechanics)

The satellite was intended to be a relatively short-lived statement of inspiration, but it created quite a stir. Here’s a link to a one minute video about the satellite, its creator and the controversy surrounding the whole enterprise.

Rocket Lab NZ Blasted for Sending Giant Disco Ball into Space for No Real Scientific Purpose (1 News, YouTube)

The story behind the controversy is that Caleb A. Scharf, Director of Astrobiology at Columbia, published this scathing rant about the satellite via Scientific American.

Twinkle, Twinkle, Satellite Vermin (Caleb A. Scharf, Scientific American)

Scharf’s post was picked up and echoed by other news outlets. Here are some examples.

Space Gets an Artificial Star. Astronomers Ask: Do We Need More? (Christina Caron, New York Times)
Company Shoots Shiny Orb into Orbit and Angers Astronomers Over Space Graffiti. (Ben Guarino, Washtington Post)

The truth is that if you dig deep enough, there was probably more controversy about this than was warrented. First, while “light pollution” is a serious issue (worthy of an entire post), this particular case of it is a temporary and spurious scapegoat. The same is true about the accusation that it is contributing to the problem of “space junk” since this modest little missionary was designed to follow modern protocols for such things and plunge to its own pre-calculated death upon the conclusion of its short life.

Interestingly, while the satellite probably didn’t deserve the bum rap it got, it did end up serving a higher purpose. It brought attention to the serious, real problem of the massive amount of “space junk” that’s floating around our planet now and the bevy of stuff that is likely to join the ruckus in the near future.

Here’s a two minute visualization generated by Stuart Grey using tracking data from Space-Track.org that shows how space debris has propagated over the last half century.

Stuart Grey (YouTube Channel)
Stuart Grey (Official Website)

Of course, the problem of “space junk” in not a new and shiny problem. It has been a growing concern in scientific and engineering circles for decades. Here’s a link to a PSA from the ESA about it.

Dealing with space debris (ESA, YouTube)

Here’s a link to a related segment from the BBC.

Time to Take Out Space Trash (BBC Newsnight, YouTube)

Here’s a link to a fantastic article from the Washington Post that also provides more specifics about controversial subjects like “collisional cascading impacts” a.k.a. Kessler Syndrome (Wikipedia) and the CubeSats that are especially worrying to some space scientists and engineers.

Thousands of Tiny Satellites are about to go into Space and Possibly Ruin it Forever (Avi Selk, Washington Post)

If you are so inclined, you can track objects yourself at SATFLARE: Online Satellite and Flare Tracking. Space.com also maintains a site where you can track the Latest News About Space Junk and Orbital Debris.

If you think satellites are cool in general, then you might want to check out an app that Google Earth and Analytic Graphics Inc. made to track the positions of satellites around Earth. You can find out about the app on this blog post.

There’s even a whole site dedicated to Satellite News!

Finally, if you want to learn more about space and space travel, explore Space Depot!

Touch the 360° image to begin exploring, touch the objects and doors to enter virtual 360° experiences, and touch “i”s to learn about the experiences.


You can also explore it on Kuula.

You can also choose your own adventure by clicking on the links below.

“Space”
Universe (Astronomical Instrument)
Galaxy Milky Way, Andromeda
Planetary System Star, Brown Dwarf, Planet, Moon

Our Neighborhood
Solar System Sun
Terrestrial Planet Mercury, Venus, Earth (Moon), Mars
Asteroid Belt Ceres, Vesta
Jovian Planet Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Trans-Neptunian Object
Kuiper Belt Pluto, Haumea, Makemake
Scattered Disc Eris, Sedna, Planet X
Oort Cloud Etc. Scholz’s Star
Small Body Comet, Centaur, Asteroid

Find out more about getting to space, uses for satellites, space and arts in general…