Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Form / Introduction / Reference
Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information on it. — Samuel Johnson
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Introduction1
Introduction to Reference Work (W. A. Katz)
Reference 2
Dictionary
Reference : a work (such as a dictionary or encyclopedia) containing useful facts or information — Webster
Free Dictionary, Wiktionary, OneLook
Thesaurus
Roget’s II (Thesaurus.com), Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, Visuwords
Encyclopedia
Reference work is a work, such as a book or periodical (or their electronic equivalents), to which one can refer for information. The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative; the authors avoid use of the first person, and emphasize facts. Reference works include dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, atlases, bibliographies, biographical sources, catalogs such as library catalogs and art catalogs, concordances, directories such as business directories, discographies, filmographies, glossaries, handbooks and manuals. — Wikipedia
Reference
Library of Congress Research and Reference Services
Library of Congress Alcove 9: An Annotated List of Reference Websites
Refdesk
Refdesk Reference Shelves on the Net
Refdesk Essential Reference Tools
Refdesk Quick Reference
Refdesk Indispensable Links
InfoPlease
LibrarySpot
Martindale’s
Wolfram Alpha
Wikipedia’s Reference Desk
Wikipedia’s Reference Works Category
Wikipedia’s General Reference Portal
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Innovation
Research
Locating Fair and Balanced Sources (Internet Public Library)
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Preservation
History
Worlds of Reference (Tom McArthur)
You could look it up: the reference shelf from ancient Babylon to Wikipedia (Jack Lynch)
A Reference Guide To Reference In You Could Look It Up (Genevieve Valentine, NPR)
Library
WorldCat, Library of Congress, UPenn Online Books, Open Library
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Participation
How to Make a Great Quick-Reference Guide (Ryan Knott, Tech Smith)
Education
Course
OER Commons: Open Educational Resources
Occupation
Reference Librarian (US Occupational Outlook Handbook)
Article
General Reference Works (David Nordloh, American Literary Scholarship)
Google Scholar
Book
Government
Library of Congress Research and Reference Services
Library of Congress Reference Shelf
Library of Congress Alcove 9: An Annotated List of Reference Websites
Document
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Expression
Fun
Reference Librarianship in Star Wars
Jedi Master ‘Madame’ Jocasta Nu
Humor
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Here are links to pages about closely related subjects.
Reference Dictionary, Thesaurus, Glossary, Encyclopedia, Outline, Guide
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1. The resources on this page are are organized by a classification scheme developed exclusively for Cosma.
2. Some of the information on this page as well as the classification scheme used for the resources on all of the pages on Cosma was initially developed in the year 2000 while Mary E. Hopper was taking a course entitled LS407 Reference/Information Services at the Simmons Graduate School of Library and Information Science. It was a legendary, very rigorous course taught by Dr. Allen Smith.