Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Ray
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Introduction1
Deep Marine Scenes (YouTube Channel)
Deep Marine Scenes (Facebook)
Dictionary
ray : any of an order (Rajiformes) of usually marine cartilaginous fishes (such as stingrays and skates) having the body flattened dorsoventrally, the eyes on the upper surface, and enlarged pectoral fins fused with the head — Merriam-Webster See also OneLook
Encyclopedia
Ray is a superorder of cartilaginous fish scientifically known as Batoidea. They and their close relatives, the sharks, comprise the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the largest group of cartilaginous fishes, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces. — Wikipedia
Rays (Florida Museum of Natural History)
Rays, Skates and Sawfish (One Zoom)
Rays (WolframAlpha)
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Inspiration
Diving Underwater With Elusive Devil Rays (Seeker VR, YouTube 360° Video)
Dive with Giant Manta Rays in Mexico (BBC Earth, YouTube 360° Video)
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Innovation
Science
Ichthyology, also called fish science, is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including jawless fish (Agnatha), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) and bony fish (Osteichthyes). According to FishBase, 33,400 species of fish had been described as of October 2016, with approximately 250 new species described each year. — Wikipedia
Ichthyology (Encyclopædia Britannica)
FishBase (R. Froese & D. Pauly)
Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes (California Academy of Sciences)
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Preservation
Museum
Sharks & Rays (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History)
Library
DDC: 597.3 Elasmobranchii: Sharks, Rays, etc. (Library Thing)
Subject: Rays (Library Thing)
LCC: QL638.R88 Rays (UPenn Online Books)
Subject: Rays (UPenn Online Books)
LCC: QL638.R88 Rays (Library of Congress)
Subject: Rays (Library of Congress)
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Participation
Education
MERLOT: Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching
OER Commons: Open Educational Resources
Community
Occupation
Organization
American Elasmobranch Society
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Zoological Association of America
Association of Zoos and Aquariums
News
Ichthyology & Herpetology (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)
Rays (bioRxiv: Preprint Server for Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
Rays (JSTOR)
Government
Fish & Sharks (Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries)
More News …
Phys.org - latest science and technology news stories Phys.org internet news portal provides the latest news on science including: Physics, Nanotechnology, Life Sciences, Space Science, Earth Science, Environment, Health and Medicine.
- Lost megalodon vertebrae resurface, confirming...on June 29, 2026 at 12:10 am
An associated set of gigantic vertebrae belonging to the iconic extinct megalodon, or megatooth shark, that had been missing in action since the 1980s was discovered, providing new information about the shark's lifestyle. Two Museum of Southern Jutland staff members, Mette Elstrup and Trine Sørensen, and a researcher at Aarhus University, Henrik Lauridsen, teamed up with a scientist in the United States and another in Australia and took a renewed look at a once-lost vertebral specimen of […]
- Scientists find antidepressant in the brains of...on June 26, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Sertraline is one of the most widely prescribed antidepressants in the world. Global sertraline sales are expected to keep growing, projected to expand from an estimated US$1.94 billion in 2025 to approximately US$3.13 billion by 2032.
- The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool is treated...on June 24, 2026 at 6:20 pm
As the United States approaches its 250th birthday celebrations on July 4, Washington, DC's monuments, statues and fountains are being prepared to put on a show.
- Bat rays employ a chemical cue to warn others of...on June 20, 2026 at 10:30 pm
Frightened bat rays produce a chemical cue to warn other rays of danger, a well-known anti-predator strategy for bony fish that has not been documented in cartilaginous fish until now. Oregon State University researchers found the behavior of bat rays changed when they received water flow from a tank where another bat ray was frightened by a mock predator, suggesting that a chemical disturbance cue was passed from one tank to the other.
- Do shark culls keep people safe in the ocean?...on June 15, 2026 at 7:20 pm
A young mother remains in hospital after being bitten by a shark at Coogee Beach in Sydney on Saturday morning. Leah Stewart, 35, was swimming about 30 meters (33 yards) offshore when the shark—believed to be a 3- to 4-meter (10- to 13-foot) great white shark—struck.
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Related
Here are links to pages about closely related subjects.
Sphere Land, Ice, Water (Ocean), Air, Life (Cell, Gene)
Ecosystem Forest, Grassland, Desert, Arctic, Aquatic
Tree of Life
Microorganism Virus
Prokaryote Archaea, Bacteria
Eukaryote Protist, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa (Tardigrade)
Plant Flower, Tree
Animal
Invertebrate
Cnidaria Coral, Jellyfish
Cephalopod Cuttlefish, Octopus
Crustacean Lobster, Shrimp
Arachnid Spider, Scorpion
Insect Ant, Bee, Beetle, Butterfly
Vertebrate
Fish Seahorse, Ray, Shark
Amphibian Frog, Salamander
Reptile Turtle, Tortoise, Dinosaur
Bird Penguin, Ostrich, Owl, Crow, Parrot
Mammal Platypus, Bat, Mouse, Rabbit, Goat, Giraffe, Camel, Horse, Elephant, Mammoth
Walrus, Seal, Polar Bear, Bear, Panda, Cat, Tiger, Lion, Dog, Wolf
Cetacean Whale, Dolphin
Primate Monkey, Chimpanzee, Human
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Notes
1. The resources on this page are are organized by a classification scheme developed exclusively for Cosma.





