Vertebrate

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate
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Introduction1

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Dictionary

vertebrate : any of a subphylum (Vertebrata) of chordates that comprises animals (such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes) typically having a bony or cartilaginous spinal colum which replaces the notochord, a distinct head containing a brain which arises as an enlarged part of the nerve cord, and an internal usually bony skeleton and that includes some primitive forms (such as lampreys) in which the spinal column is absent and the notochord persists throughout life — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook

Thesaurus

Roget’s II (Thesaurus.com), Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, Visuwords

Encyclopedia

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata. Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and ratfish) and the bony fishes.

Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species Paedophryne amauensis, at as little as 7.7 mm (0.30 in), to the blue whale, at up to 33 m (108 ft). Vertebrates make up less than five percent of all described animal species; the rest are invertebrates, which lack vertebral columns. — Wikipedia

Vertebrate (Encyclopædia Britannica)

Vertebrates (One Zoom)
Chordata (Catalogue of Life)
Chordata (WolframAlpha)

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Innovation

Science

Biology is the scientific study of life. Biologists study life at multiple levels of organization, from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and evolution of populations. Biologists also study and classify the various forms of life, from prokaryotic organisms such as archaea and bacteria to eukaryotic organisms such as protists, fungi, plants, and animals. — Wikipedia

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Preservation

Library

DDC: 596 Vertebrates (Library Thing)
Subject: Vertebrates (Library Thing)

Subject: Vertebrates (Open Library)

LCC: QL 605 Vertebrates (UPenn Online Books)
Subject: Vertebrates (UPenn Online Books)

LCC: QL 605 Vertebrates (Library of Congress)
Subject: Vertebrates (Library of Congress)

Subject: Vertebrates (WorldCat)

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Participation

Education

Vertebrates (Biology4Kids)

MERLOT: Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching
OER Commons: Open Educational Resources

Community

Occupation

Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists (CareerOneStop, U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration)

Organization

American Institute of Biological Sciences

News

Vertebrates (EurekaAlert, American Association for the Advancement of Science)
Vertebrates (bioRxiv: Preprint Server for Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
Vertebrates (JSTOR)
Vertebrates (Science Daily)
Vertebrates (Science News)
Vertebrates (Phys.org)
Vertebrates (NPR Archives)


More News …

Phys.org - latest science and technology news stories Phys.org internet news portal provides the latest news on science including: Physics, Nanotechnology, Life Sciences, Space Science, Earth Science, Environment, Health and Medicine.

  • 2,000 volunteers join a painstaking effort to...
    on July 22, 2026 at 7:55 am

    Volunteers armed with chisels, brushes and protective goggles chip away at rock encasing the bones of a massive prehistoric amphibian in a glass-walled laboratory on the ground floor of Warsaw's Copernicus Science Centre.

  • Jurassic sea monster was smaller than once...
    on July 21, 2026 at 4:20 pm

    For more than 25 years, Liopleurodon has been one of the world's most recognizable prehistoric marine predators. Immortalized in the BBC's landmark Walking with Dinosaurs series as a colossal 25-meter (82-foot) marine hunter, it captured the imagination of millions and became synonymous with the giant reptiles that ruled Jurassic seas.

  • Reptile fossil found in Brazil helps shed light...
    on July 17, 2026 at 4:00 pm

    Long before dinosaurs ruled the continents and modern crocodiles first appeared, their ancestors were already going through a decisive phase in their evolutionary history. It was in this ancient world, shortly after the greatest mass extinction in Earth's history, that a new species of fossil reptile was discovered in Brazil's inland Rio Grande do Sul state.

  • Living alligators expose why juvenile fossils can...
    on July 16, 2026 at 6:40 pm

    Fossil finds are exciting moments that sometimes introduce the world to an ancient mammal or dinosaur that existed millions of years ago. But a longstanding problem in paleontology is that fossils are often incomplete, and subtle differences between certain species, along with major changes that can occur as an animal grows, complicate species identification. A paper published this month in Paleobiology lays the groundwork for a new approach to correctly identifying ancient animal fossils, with […]

  • Invertebrates can distinguish good from bad...
    on July 16, 2026 at 6:20 pm

    Researchers from Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) and Kiel University (CAU) have examined immune system function in an early-branching animal—a sea anemone. They discovered that the immune systems of these animals can selectively distinguish between different microorganisms, protecting beneficial bacteria from harmful bacteria—an ability that has been attributed only to vertebrates to date. So-called "nematosomes" play an important role in this process.

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Related

Here are links to pages about closely related subjects.

Knowledge Realm

Terrestrial   (Earth)

Sphere Land, Ice, Water (Ocean), Air, Life (Cell, Gene)
Ecosystem Forest, Grassland, Desert, Arctic, Aquatic

Tree of Life
Microorganism Virus
Prokaryote Archaea, Bacteria
Eukaryote Protist, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa (Tardigrade)
Plant Flower, Tree
Animal
Invertebrate
Cnidaria Coral, Jellyfish
Cephalopod Cuttlefish, Octopus
Crustacean Lobster, Shrimp
Arachnid Spider, Scorpion
Insect Ant, Bee, Beetle, Butterfly
Vertebrate
Fish Seahorse, Ray, Shark
Amphibian Frog, Salamander
Reptile Turtle, Tortoise, Dinosaur
Bird Penguin, Ostrich, Owl, Crow, Parrot
Mammal Platypus, Bat, Mouse, Rabbit, Goat, Giraffe, Camel, Horse, Elephant, Mammoth
Walrus, Seal, Polar Bear, Bear, Panda, Cat, Tiger, Lion, Dog, Wolf
Cetacean Whale, Dolphin
Primate Monkey, Chimpanzee, Human

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Notes

1.   The resources on this page are are organized by a classification scheme developed exclusively for Cosma.