Program

Cosma / Communication / Media / Computation / Software / Program

And programming computers was so fascinating. You create your own little universe, and then it does what you tell it to do. — Vint Cerf

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Introduction¹

GCFLearnFree.org (YouTube Channel)
GCFLearnFree.org (Official Website)

Dictionary

program : a sequence of coded instructions that can be inserted into a mechanism (as a computer) — Merriam-Webster See also OneLook

Programming (FOLDOC: Free Online Dictionary of Computing)

Encyclopedia

Computer program (also software, or just a program) is a sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task with a computer. A computer requires programs to function, typically executing the program’s instructions in a central processor. The program has an executable form that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions. The same program in its human-readable source code form, from which executable programs are derived (e.g., compiled), enables a programmer to study and develop its algorithms. — Wikipedia

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Inspiration

CODEBroadcastChannel (YouTube Channel)

Talks about Computer Programming (TED: Ideas Worth Spreading)
Articles about Computer Programming (Big Think)

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Innovation

Technology

Programming language is any set of rules that converts strings, or graphical program elements in the case of visual programming languages, to various kinds of machine code output. — Wikipedia

Simply Coding (YouTube Channel)

Programming Languages (Wolfram Alpha)

List of Programming Languages (Wikipedia)

Product

Computer Programming Items (Etsy)
Computer Programming Gifts (Zazzle)

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Preservation

History

As soon as we started programming, we found to our surprise that it wasn’t as easy to get programs right as we had thought. Debugging had to be discovered. I can remember the exact instant when I realized that a large part of my life from then on was going to be spent in finding mistakes in my own programs. — Maurice Wilkes, Memoirs of a Computer Pioneer

Early Programming (Crash Course Computer Science, YouTube Video)
The First Programming Languages (Crash Course Computer Science, YouTube Video)

Computer Languages History (Éric Lévénez)
The Programming Languages Genealogy Project (Everything2)
“Mother Tongues” Lineage Chart (Wired Infographic) (PDF Version)

Library

DDC: 005 Computer Programming (Library Thing)
Subject: Computer Programming (Library Thing)

Subject: Computer Programming (Open Library)

LCC: QA 76.6 Computer Programming (UPenn Online Books)

LCC: QA 76.6 Computer Programming (Library of Congress)
Subject: Computer Programming (Library of Congress)

Subject: Computer Programming (WorldCat)

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Participation

Education ²

An apprentice carpenter may want only a hammer and saw, but a master craftsman employs many precision tools. Computer programming likewise requires sophisticated tools to cope with the complexity of real applications, and only practice with these tools will build skill in their use. — Robert L. Kruse, Data Structures and Program Design in C

Code.org (YouTube Channel)
Code.org (Official Website)

Instructions & Programs (Crash Course Computer Science, YouTube Video)
Programming Basics: Statements & Functions (Crash Course Computer Science, YouTube Video)

Computer Science Curriculum (Carnegie Mellon University)

Computer Science Field Guide: Programming Languages (Computer Science Education Research Group, University of Canterbury, Official Website)
Computer Science Field Guide: Coding Introduction (Computer Science Education Research Group, University of Canterbury, Official Website)

MERLOT: Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching
OER Commons: Open Educational Resources

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Here are links to pages about closely related subjects.

Media

Function	Communications	Computation	Storage	Creation	Simulation
Analog	Mail	Device	Paper	Type, Print	Automaton
Electronic	Network	Calculator	Tape	Record	Elektro
Digital	Internet	Computer
Hardware	Modem	Microprocessor	Memory	Peripheral	Robot, XR
Software	Service (Web)	Program (OS, SS)	Database	Application	AI, VW

Format Multimedia (Video, Animation) Image (Object) Scent, Flavor, Audio (Text) Haptic, “Other“

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Notes

1. The resources on this page are are organized by a classification scheme developed exclusively for Cosma.

2. This page was compiled by M. E. Hopper for ECOMP 7100: Fundamentals of Computer Structure while serving as a faculty member of Technology in Education at Lesley University. It has been expanded and updated since then.