Jovian Planet

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Jovian planets, after Jupiter, are also called giant planets or gas giants. However, many astronomers apply the latter term only to Jupiter and Saturn, classifying Uranus and Neptune, which have different compositions, as ice giants. Both names are potentially misleading: all of the giant planets consist primarily of fluids above their critical points, where distinct gas and liquid phases do not exist. The principal components are hydrogen and helium in the case of Jupiter and Saturn, and water, ammonia and methane in the case of Uranus and Neptune. — Wikipedia

Jovian Planets (Eric Weisstein’s World of Astronomy, Wolfram Research)

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Gas giant planet is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. Gas giants are also called failed stars because they contain the same basic elements as a star. Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants. — Wikipedia

Ice giant planet is composed mainly of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Uranus and Neptune are ice giants. — Wikipedia

Outer Planets (Lunar & Planetary Institute)

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