Force

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Force
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Introduction1

Seeker (YouTube Channel)

Dictionary

force : any of the natural influences (as electromagnetism, gravity, strong force, and weak force) that exist especially between particles and determine the structure of the universe — Merriam-Webster   See also OneLook

Thesaurus

Roget’s II (Thesaurus.com), Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, Visuwords

Encyclopedia

Forces in the universe are based on four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles, including nucleons and compound nuclei. The electromagnetic force acts between electric charges, and the gravitational force acts between masses. All other forces in nature derive from these four fundamental interactions. For example, friction is a manifestation of the electromagnetic force acting between the atoms of two surfaces, and the Pauli exclusion principle, which does not permit atoms to pass through each other. Similarly, the forces in springs, modeled by Hooke’s law, are the result of electromagnetic forces and the Exclusion Principle acting together to return an object to its equilibrium position. Centrifugal forces are acceleration forces that arise simply from the acceleration of rotating frames of reference — Wikipedia

Fundamental Force (Encyclopædia Britannica)

Search

Force (WolframAlpha)

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Innovation

Science

Subatomic Stories (Fermilab, YouTube Playlist)
Fermilab (Official Website)

Fundamental Forces of Physics (Sci Show, YouTube Playlist)

The Four Fundamental Forces (NASA)
Forces (Eric Weisstein’s World of Physics, Wolfram Research)
The Four Fundamental Forces of Nature (Jeremy Rehm & Ben Biggs, Space.com)

Commerce

Entrepreneurship

Forces of Nature Campaigns (Kickstarter)

Product

Physical Forces Gifts (Zazzle)

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Preservation

History

A Visual Walk Through the Fundamentals (Maria Stokes, American Institute of Physics)

Library

DDC: 531 Force and Energy (Library Thing)
Subject: Force and Energy (Library Thing)

Subject: Force and Energy (Open Library)

LCC: QC 73 Force and Energy (UPenn Online Books)

LCC: QC 73 Force and Energy (Library of Congress)
Subject: Force and Energy (Library of Congress)

Subject: Force and Energy (WorldCat)

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Participation

Education

Science Trek (YouTube Channel)
Science Trek (Official Website)

Science Trek (YouTube Channel)
Science Trek (Official Website)

Force and Motion (Science Trek)

Forces of Nature (Physics4Kids)

Fundamental Forces of Physics (Sci Show, YouTube Playlist)

Force & Motion (The Franklin Institute)

Forces & Motion Basics (PHET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado)

MERLOT: Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching
OER Commons: Open Educational Resources

Community

News

Forces of Nature (JSTOR)

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Recent News from Phys.org …

  • Acoustic experiments confirm topology can persist...
    on October 7, 2026 at 8:40 pm

    Two studies on critical topology have recently been published in the journal Nature. These studies were led by the teams of Prof. Baile Zhang at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, and Prof. Jianhua Jiang at the University of Science and Technology of China, respectively. Prof. Xue-Jia Yu from the School of Physics at the Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo (EIT), served as a co-corresponding author on both papers and provided key theoretical guidance in the related experimental […]

  • First observation of quantum spins shifting a...
    on October 7, 2026 at 6:00 pm

    Modern technological breakthroughs like lasers, MRI scanners, semiconductors and quantum computers rest on the study of quantum mechanics. However, the field has predominantly focused on (sub)atomic phenomena far removed from our human senses.

  • Anthropogenic warming reorganizes North Atlantic...
    on October 6, 2026 at 3:40 pm

    The weather over the North Atlantic affects hundreds of millions of people. From winter storms over Europe to cold spells in eastern North America, many of these impacts are shaped by large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns that recur. Climate scientists refer to these preferred patterns as atmospheric regimes.

  • Quantum interactions may have locked early...
    on October 5, 2026 at 10:20 pm

    The universe may be trapped in its own comfort zone, and a researcher in the College of Engineering and Computer Science has helped explain why it cannot seem to leave. A new study suggests the universe could be locked into its current state by the same kinds of quantum effects that scientists study when trying to preserve fragile information inside a quantum computer.

  • When the atmosphere slows the Earth: Uncovering a...
    on October 3, 2026 at 4:20 pm

    Atmospheric circulation governs weather and climate, but it also carries angular momentum. When winds shift or mass redistributes, the atmosphere can exchange momentum with the solid Earth, slightly altering the planet's rotation rate. This is not a new concept, but what happens under long-term global warming?

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Related

Here are links to pages about closely related subjects.

Knowledge Realm

Physical

“Fundamentals”
Law (Constant) Relativity
Force Gravity, Electromagnetism (Light, Color)
Matter (Microscope) Molecule, Atom (Periodic Table), Particle

“Space”
Universe (Astronomical Instrument)
Galaxy Milky Way, Andromeda
Planetary System Star, Brown Dwarf, Planet, Moon

Our Neighborhood
Solar System Sun
Terrestrial Planet Mercury, Venus, Earth (Moon), Mars
Asteroid Belt Ceres, Vesta
Jovian Planet Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Trans-Neptunian Object
Kuiper Belt Pluto, Haumea, Makemake
Scattered Disc Eris, Sedna, Planet X
Oort Cloud Etc. Scholz’s Star
Small Body Comet, Centaur, Asteroid

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Notes

1.   The resources on this page are are organized by a classification scheme developed exclusively for Cosma.