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Jupiter : the largest of the planets and fifth in order from the sun — Webster

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Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a giant planet with a mass one-thousandth that of the Sun, but two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined. Jupiter is a gas giant, along with Saturn, with the other two giant planets, Uranus and Neptune, being ice giants. Jupiter was known to astronomers of ancient times. The Romans named it after their god Jupiter.

Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen with a quarter of its mass being helium, though helium comprises only about a tenth of the number of molecules. It may also have a rocky core of heavier elements, but like the other giant planets, Jupiter lacks a well-defined solid surface. Because of its rapid rotation, the planet’s shape is that of an oblate spheroid (it has a slight but noticeable bulge around the equator). The outer atmosphere is visibly segregated into several bands at different latitudes, resulting in turbulence and storms along their interacting boundaries. A prominent result is the Great Red Spot, a giant storm that is known to have existed since at least the 17th century when it was first seen by telescope. Surrounding Jupiter is a faint planetary ring system and a powerful magnetosphere. Jupiter has at least 67 moons, including the four large Galilean moons discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610. Ganymede, the largest of these, has a diameter greater than that of the planet Mercury. — Wikipedia

David Darling’s Internet Encyclopedia of Science, Britannica, Columbia (Infoplease)

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Jupiter News (Science Daily)

• Extreme Jupiter weather and magnetic fields May 25, 2017 6:58 pm
• Juno mission to Jupiter delivers first science results May 25, 2017 6:15 pm
• Moon orbits third largest dwarf planet in our solar system May 18, 2017 6:02 pm
• New 'styrofoam' planet provides tools in search for habitable planets May 15, 2017 10:04 pm
• Jupiter and the theory of relativity gets the blame for celestial bodies changing course April 26, 2017 2:22 pm
• New insights into 'ocean worlds' in our solar system April 13, 2017 6:08 pm
• 'Cold' great spot discovered on Jupiter April 11, 2017 1:01 pm
• Hubble spots auroras on Uranus April 10, 2017 4:39 pm
• Hubble takes close-up portrait of Jupiter April 6, 2017 6:38 pm
• Does Mars have rings? Not right now, but maybe one day March 21, 2017 1:27 pm
• Scientists make the case to restore Pluto's planet status March 17, 2017 5:12 pm
• Hubble homes in on a hypergiant's home March 10, 2017 3:35 pm
• Prediction: More gas-giants will be found orbiting Sun-like stars February 21, 2017 6:07 pm
• NASA's OSIRIS-REx takes its first image of Jupiter February 14, 2017 6:05 pm
• Experiment resolves mystery about wind flows on Jupiter January 23, 2017 4:52 pm
• Winds of rubies and sapphires strike the sky of giant planet December 12, 2016 4:58 pm
• Star of Bethlehem may not be a star after all December 1, 2016 4:25 pm
• Uranus may have two undiscovered moons October 25, 2016 3:51 pm
• First Pluto, now this: Discovery of first binary-binary calls solar system formation into question October 19, 2016 8:25 pm
• Astronomers predict possible birthplace of Rosetta-probed comet 67P October 18, 2016 12:16 pm
• Jupiter’s spooky sounds: Emissions from Jupiter’s auroras captured October 10, 2016 6:19 pm
• Saturn’s moon Dione harbors a subsurface ocean October 5, 2016 5:10 pm
• Hubble spots possible water plumes erupting on Jupiter's moon Europa September 26, 2016 6:29 pm
• New low-mass objects could help refine planetary evolution September 26, 2016 3:18 pm
• Origin of minor planets' rings revealed September 16, 2016 1:30 pm
• Jupiter's north pole unlike anything encountered in solar system September 2, 2016 4:49 pm
• New light on the complex nature of 'hot Jupiter' atmospheres September 2, 2016 3:14 pm
• Discovery one-ups Tatooine, finds twin stars hosting three giant exoplanets August 31, 2016 5:35 pm
• Space scientists observe Io's atmospheric collapse during eclipse August 2, 2016 5:37 pm
• Jupiter's great red spot heats planet's upper atmosphere July 27, 2016 6:00 pm
• NASA's Juno spacecraft sends first in-orbit view July 12, 2016 10:30 pm
• Astronomers find evidence of water clouds in first spectrum of coldest brown dwarf July 6, 2016 7:18 pm
• NASA's Juno spacecraft in orbit around mighty Jupiter July 5, 2016 12:40 pm
• NASA’s Juno and JEDI: Ready to unlock mysteries of Jupiter July 1, 2016 2:01 pm
• Jupiter on a bench: Spacecraft Juno nears planet orbit July 1, 2016 1:45 am
• Hubble captures vivid auroras in Jupiter’s atmosphere June 30, 2016 2:23 pm
• Chaotic orbit of Comet Halley explained June 30, 2016 1:32 pm
• Glorious, glowing Jupiter awaits Juno’s arrival June 27, 2016 1:59 pm
• Newborn giant planet grazes its star June 20, 2016 3:25 pm
• NASA's Juno spacecraft to risk Jupiter's fireworks for science June 17, 2016 2:53 pm
• Unexpected Excess of Giant Planets in Star Cluster Messier 67 June 17, 2016 12:25 pm
• Fascinating orbits: Celestial bodies surprisingly erratic June 14, 2016 2:04 pm
• New planet is largest discovered that orbits two suns June 13, 2016 6:43 pm
• New radio map of Jupiter reveals what's beneath colorful clouds June 2, 2016 7:17 pm
• How comets break up, make up June 1, 2016 6:15 pm
• Studying life on the rocks May 31, 2016 3:27 pm
• Extraterrestrial oceans: Beneath the surface May 19, 2016 12:20 pm
• Jupiter blasted by 6.5 fireball impacts per year on average May 18, 2016 2:28 pm
• Jupiter's moon: Europa's ocean may have an Earthlike chemical balance May 17, 2016 6:11 pm
• Hunting for hidden life on worlds orbiting old, red stars May 16, 2016 4:53 pm
• Exoplanets' complex orbital structure points to planetary migration in solar systems May 11, 2016 6:23 pm
• More than 1,200 new planets confirmed using new technique for verifying Kepler data May 10, 2016 6:37 pm
• Three potentially habitable worlds found around nearby ultracool dwarf star May 2, 2016 3:14 pm
• Europa's heaving ice might make more heat than scientists thought April 14, 2016 6:52 pm
• Astrophysicists find triple star system with 'hot Jupiter' April 8, 2016 2:17 am
• Solar storms trigger Jupiter's 'northern lights' March 23, 2016 12:22 pm
• Most eccentric planet ever known flashes astronomers with reflected light March 18, 2016 10:16 pm
• Rotation of cloudy 'super-Jupiter' directly measured February 18, 2016 6:40 pm
• Dynamical systems theory enhances knowledge of Jupiter's atmosphere February 17, 2016 5:56 pm
• New study challenges Jupiter's role as planetary shield, protecting Earth from comet impacts February 3, 2016 4:09 pm