Neptune

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Introduction1

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (YouTube Channel)
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Official Website)

Dictionary

Neptune : the planet eighth in order from the sun — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook

Encyclopedia

Neptune Neptune is the eighth and farthest-known planet from the Sun. It is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. It is 17 times the mass of Earth, and slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus. Neptune is denser and physically smaller than Uranus because its greater mass causes more gravitational compression of its atmosphere. It is referred to as one of the solar system’s two ice giant planets (the other one being Uranus). Being composed primarily of gases and liquids, it has no well-defined “solid surface”. The planet orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of 30.1 AU (4.5 billion km; 2.8 billion mi). It is named after the Roman god of the sea and has the astronomical symbol ♆, representing Neptune’s trident. — Wikipedia

Neptune (Encyclopædia Britannica)
Neptune (COSMOS: The SAO Encyclopedia of Astronomy)

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Inspiration

NASA’s Eyes is a freely available suite of computer visualization applications created by the Visualization Technology Applications and Development Team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to render scientifically accurate views of the planets studied by JPL missions and the spacecraft used in that study. — Wikipedia

Neptune (NASA’s Eyes on the Solar System, NASA’s JPL & Cal Tech)

Articles about Neptune (Big Think)

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Innovation

Science

ScienceAtNASA (YouTube Channel)
NASA Science (Official Website)

NASA Goddard (YouTube Channel)
NASA Goddard (Official Website)

Neptune (NASA Science)

Neptune Videos (ViewSpace, Space Telescope Science Institute)

Neptune, Planet of Wind and Ice (Planetary Society)

Neptune (Eric Weisstein’s World of Astronomy, Wolfram Research)
Neptune (Wolfram Alpha)

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Preservation

History

Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to hypothesise that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. After Bouvard’s death, the position of Neptune was predicted from his observations, independently, by John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier. Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Le Verrier. Its largest moon, Triton, was discovered shortly thereafter. — Wikipedia

Astronomers Discover Neptune, the Eighth Planet (John Uri, NASA Johnson Space Center)
Neptune’s Discovery (Encyclopædia Britannica)
Discovery of Neptune (Wikipedia)

Voyager Program is an American scientific program that employs two robotic interstellar probes, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. They were launched in 1977 to take advantage of a favorable alignment of Jupiter and Saturn, to fly near them while collecting data for transmission back to Earth. — Wikipedia

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (YouTube Channel)
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Official Website)

Voyager 1 & 2 (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, YouTube Playlist)
Voyager Mission (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory)

Voyager Mission (NASA Science)
Voyager 2 (NASA Science)

The Voyager Spacecraft’s 40 Year Journey (The New York Times, YouTube Video)
The Story of the Voyager Expedition (The New Yorker, YouTube Video)

Voyager 2 and the Grand Tour (The History Guy, YouTube Video)

Voyager Mission (Planetary Society)
Voyager Program (Wikipedia)

Neptune: Exploration (NASA Science)

Library

DDC: 523.481 Neptune (Library Thing)
Subject: Neptune (Library Thing)

Subject: Neptune (Open Library)

LCC: QB 691 Neptune (Library of Congress)
Subject: Neptune (Library of Congress)

Subject: Neptune (WorldCat)

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Participation

Education

Neptune – Level 1 (StarChild, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA)
Neptune – Level 2 (StarChild, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA)

All About Neptune (Space Place, NASA)
Neptune (Cosmos4Kids)

Uranus & Neptune (Crash Course Astronomy, YouTube Video)

MERLOT: Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching
OER Commons: Open Educational Resources

Community

Organization

Saturn, Uranus & Neptune Section (British Astronomical Association)

News

Neptune (Nova Research Highlights, American Astronomical Society)
Neptune (EurekaAlert, AAAS)
Neptune (Astronomy Magazine)
Planet Neptune (JSTOR)
Neptune (Science Daily)
Neptune (Phys.org)


Recent News from Phys.org …

  • Nautilus array to track missing exoplanet...
    on July 1, 2026 at 9:20 pm

    Exoplanet atmospheres have become prime targets for astrobiologists in the search for life beyond Earth. This is because exoplanet surfaces can't be directly imaged yet, so astronomers must get creative in how they search for signs of life, also called biosignatures. Presently, powerful ground- and space-based telescopes like the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are improving in their ability to observe and analyze exoplanet atmospheres. But how […]

  • Giant exoplanet may hold a magnetic grip on its...
    on June 29, 2026 at 11:40 am

    Within their planetary systems, stars are continuously shaping their orbiting planets through gravity, radiation and magnetic forces. So far, this relationship has appeared to be a one-way street.

  • Uranus, Neptune may be magma worlds, not ice...
    on June 26, 2026 at 11:20 pm

    Uranus and Neptune remain two of the most mysterious objects in the solar system, primarily because they have been visited only by NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1986 and 1989, respectively. Their "ice giant" moniker comes from longstanding hypotheses that their interiors are comprised of an icy mantle beneath their hydrogen-helium atmospheres. While Jupiter and Saturn are also composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, Uranus and Neptune are hypothesized to have a layered structure composed of […]

  • Did gravitational tides cause Earth's extinctions?
    on June 25, 2026 at 12:00 am

    Life on Earth took a long evolutionary journey that eventually created us, the purportedly intelligent species that dominates the planet. But there was no grand plan or design, only happenstance, nature and luck. Life on Earth suffered multiple extinctions, but got up, dusted itself off and continued on its long march to complexity.

  • Euclid mission view of Milky Way's heart previews...
    on June 24, 2026 at 10:50 pm

    A new look at the heart of our Milky Way galaxy by Euclid, an ESA (European Space Agency) mission with NASA contributions, overlaps with a region scientists will observe with NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, launching later this summer. This sneak peek gives astronomers a major jumpstart on a core Roman survey, helping scientists learn more than they could from either telescope alone.

returntotop

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Related

Here are links to pages about closely related subjects.

Knowledge Realm

Physical

“Fundamentals”
Law (Constant) Relativity
Force Gravity, Electromagnetism (Light, Color)
Matter (Microscope) Molecule, Atom (Periodic Table), Particle

“Space”
Universe (Astronomical Instrument)
Galaxy Milky Way, Andromeda
Planetary System Star, Brown Dwarf, Planet, Moon

Our Neighborhood
Solar System Sun
Terrestrial Planet Mercury, Venus, Earth (Moon), Mars
Asteroid Belt Ceres, Vesta
Jovian Planet Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Trans-Neptunian Object
Kuiper Belt Pluto, Haumea, Makemake
Scattered Disc Eris, Sedna, Planet X
Oort Cloud Etc. Scholz’s Star
Small Body Comet, Centaur, Asteroid

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Notes

1.   The resources on this page are are organized by a classification scheme developed exclusively for Cosma.