Mars

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Terrestrial/ Mars
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Mars : planet fourth from the sun and conspicuous for its red color — Merriam-Webster See also OneLook

Encyclopedia

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. Named after the Roman god of war, Mars, it is often described as the “Red Planet” as the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth. The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the highest known mountain within the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, the largest canyon. — Wikipedia

Mars (Encyclopædia Britannica)
Mars (COSMOS: The SAO Encyclopedia of Astronomy)

Modern Views of Mars (Introduction to Astronomy, Wolfgang H. Berger, UC San Diego)

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Inspiration

Talks about Mars (TED: Ideas Worth Spreading)
Articles about Mars (Big Think)

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Innovation

Science

Solar System Exploration: Mars (NASA Science)

Mars (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, YouTube Playlist)
The Mars Report (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, YouTube Playlist)
Mars in a Minute (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, YouTube Playlist)

Mars, the Red Planet (Planetary Society)
Mars (National Air and Space Museum)

Mars (Eric Weisstein’s World of Astronomy, Wolfram Research)
Mars (Wolfram Alpha)
Mars Missions (Wolfram Alpha)

Commerce

Entrepreneurship

Mars Campaigns (Kickstarter)
Mars Campaigns (Indiegogo)

Product

Mars Gifts (Zazzle)

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Preservation

History

Early records of Mars’ observation date back to the ancient Egyptian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BCE. Chinese records about the motions of Mars appeared before the founding of the Zhou Dynasty (1045 BCE). Observations of the position of Mars were made by Babylonian astronomers who developed arithmetic techniques to predict the future position of the planet. The ancient Greek philosophers and Hellenistic astronomers developed a geocentric model of the planet’s motions. Measurements of Mars’ angular diameter can be found in ancient Greek and Indian texts. In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model for the Solar System in which the planets follow circular orbits about the Sun. This was revised by Johannes Kepler, yielding an elliptic orbit for Mars that more accurately fitted the observational data. The first telescopic observation of Mars was by Galileo Galilei in 1610. — Wikipedia

A Chronology of Mars Exploration (NASA History Division)
Mars Exploration Past Missions (NASA)
Exploration of Mars (Wikipedia)