Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Invertebrate / Squid ————————— Introduction1 Natures Wonderverse (YouTube Channel) Dictionary squid : any of an order (Teuthoidea) of cephalopods having eight short arms and two usually longer tentacles, a long tapered body, a caudal fin on each side, and usually a … Continue reading Squid

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Cetacean ————————— Introduction1 Natural World Facts (Leo Richards, YouTube Channel) Natural World Facts (Leo Richards, Official Website) Dictionary cetacean : any of an order (Cetacea) of aquatic mostly marine mammals that includes the whales, dolphins, porpoises, and related forms and … Continue reading Cetacean

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Reptile ————————— Introduction1 MooMooMath and Science (YouTube Channel) MooMooMath and Science (Official Website) Dictionary reptile : any of a class (Reptilia) of cold-blooded, air-breathing, usually egg-laying vertebrates that include the alligators and crocodiles, lizards, snakes, turtles, and extinct related … Continue reading Reptile

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Amphibian ————————— Introduction1 MooMooMath and Science (YouTube Channel) MooMooMath and Science (Official Website) Dictionary amphibian : any of a class (Amphibia) of cold-blooded vertebrates (such as frogs, toads, or salamanders) intermediate in many characters between fish and reptiles and … Continue reading Amphibian

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Salamander ————————— Introduction1 The Wild Report (YouTube Channel) Dictionary salamander : any of numerous amphibians (order Caudata) superficially resembling lizards but scaleless and covered with a soft moist skin and breathing by gills in the larval stage — Merriam-Webster … Continue reading Salamander

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Microorganism / Protozoa ————————— Introduction1 MooMooMath and Science (YouTube Channel) MooMooMath and Science (Official Website) Dictionary protozoa : any of a phylum or subkingdom (Protozoa) of chiefly motile and heterotrophic unicellular protists (such as amoebas, trypanosomes, sporozoans, and paramecia) that are represented in … Continue reading Protozoa

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Invertebrate / Beetle ————————— Introduction1 KidsMathtv (YouTube Channel) KidsMathtv (Official Website) Dictionary beetle : any of an order (Coleoptera) of insects having four wings of which the outer pair are modified into stiff elytra that protect the inner pair when at … Continue reading Beetle

Cosma / Communication / Media / Creation / Analog / Print ————————— Introduction1 The Henry Ford (YouTube Channel) The Henry Ford (Official Website) Dictionary print : (1) printed letters (2) a copy made by printing — Merriam-Webster &bnsp; See also   OneLook press : an apparatus or machine by which a substance is cut or … Continue reading Print

Cosma is a systematic inventory of the best knowledge resources on the Web! Here are some ways to explore them … —————– Worlds Cosma features many Web Worlds like this one. They have many “visual links” to Cosma’s pages, other Web Worlds as well as pages and 360° experiences on other Web sites. Touch posters … Continue reading Explore

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Panda ————————— Introduction1 WWF UK (YouTube Channel) WWF-UK (Official Website) Dictionary panda : a large black-and-white mammal (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) of chiefly central China that feeds primarily on bamboo shoots and is now usually classified with the bears (family Ursidae) — … Continue reading Panda

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Invertebrate / Cuttlefish ————————— Introduction1 Deep Marine Scenes (YouTube Channel) Deep Marine Scenes (Facebook) Dictionary cuttlefish : any of various marine cephalopod mollusks (order Sepioidea, especially genus Sepia) having eight short arms and two usually longer tentacles and differing from the … Continue reading Cuttlefish

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Penguin ————————— Introduction1 WWF UK (YouTube Channel) WWF-UK (Official Website) Dictionary penguin : any of various erect short-legged flightless aquatic birds (family Spheniscidae) of the southern hemisphere — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Encyclopedia Penguins are a group … Continue reading Penguin

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Invertebrate / Jellyfish ————————— Introduction1 Deep Marine Scenes (YouTube Channel) Deep Marine Scenes (Facebook) Dictionary jellyfish : the typically free-swimming, bell-shaped, usually sexually-reproducing solitary or colonial form of a cnidarian in which the whorls of tentacles lined with nematocysts arise and … Continue reading Jellyfish

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Goat ————————— Introduction1 WIZ PLUS (YouTube Channel) Dictionary goat : any of various hollow-horned ruminant mammals (especially of the genus Capra) related to the sheep but of lighter build and with backwardly arching horns, a short tail, and usually straight … Continue reading Goat

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Mouse ————————— Introduction1 Mouse and Mice House (YouTube Channel) Dictionary mouse : any of numerous small rodents (as of the genus Mus) with pointed snout, rather small ears, elongated body, and slender tail — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook … Continue reading Mouse

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Bird ————————— Introduction1 MooMooMath and Science (YouTube Channel) MooMooMath and Science (Official Website) Dictionary bird : any of a class (Aves) of warm-blooded vertebrates distinguished by having the body more or less completely covered with feathers and the forelimbs … Continue reading Bird

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Mammal ————————— Introduction1 MooMooMath and Science (YouTube Channel) MooMooMath and Science (Official Website) Dictionary mammal : any of a class (Mammalia) of warm-blooded higher vertebrates (such as placentals, marsupials, or monotremes) that nourish their young with milk secreted by mammary glands, … Continue reading Mammal

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Horse ————————— Introduction1 EquiNerd Vlog (YouTube Channel) Dictionary horse : a large solid-hoofed herbivorous ungulate mammal (Equus caballus, family Equidae, the horse family) domesticated since prehistoric times and used as a beast of burden, a draft animal, or for riding … Continue reading Horse

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Platypus ————————— Introduction1 Learn about Animals (YouTube Channel) Some FAQs (Australian Platypus Conservancy) Platypus (One Zoom) Platypus (WolframAlpha) Dictionary platypus : a small carnivorous aquatic monotreme mammal (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) of eastern Australia and Tasmania that has a fleshy bill resembling … Continue reading Platypus

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Dog ————————— Introduction1 A Brief History of Dogs (David Ian Howe, TED-Ed) TED-Ed (YouTube Channel) Dictionary dog : a highly variable domestic mammal (Canis familiaris) closely related to the gray wolf — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Encyclopedia Domestic … Continue reading Dog

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Tiger ————————— Introduction1 Free School (YouTube Channel) Free School (Facebook) Dictionary tiger : a large Asian carnivorous mammal (Panthera tigris) of the cat family having a usually tawny coat transversely striped with black — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook … Continue reading Tiger

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Seahorse ————————— Introduction1 Deep Marine Scenes (YouTube Channel) Deep Marine Scenes (Facebook) Dictionary seahorse : any of a genus (Hippocampus of the family Syngnathidae) of small bony fishes that have the head angled downward toward the body which is … Continue reading Seahorse

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Wolf ————————— Introduction1 Animal Watch (Anneka Svenska, YouTube Channel) Anneka Svenska (Official Website) Dictionary wolf : any of several large predatory canids (genus Canis) that are active mostly at night, live and hunt in packs, and resemble the related dogs … Continue reading Wolf

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Rabbit ————————— Introduction1 Rabbits Life (YouTube Channel) Rabbits Life (Official Website) Dictionary rabbit : any of various lagomorphs that are born furless, blind, and helpless, that are sometimes gregarious, and that include especially the cottontails of the New World and … Continue reading Rabbit

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Ray ————————— Introduction1 Deep Marine Scenes (YouTube Channel) Deep Marine Scenes (Facebook) Dictionary ray : any of an order (Rajiformes) of usually marine cartilaginous fishes (such as stingrays and skates) having the body flattened dorsoventrally, the eyes on the … Continue reading Ray

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate ————————— Introduction1 Free School (YouTube Channel) Free School (Facebook) Dictionary vertebrate : any of a subphylum (Vertebrata) of chordates that comprises animals (such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes) typically having a bony or cartilaginous spinal colum which replaces … Continue reading Vertebrate

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Invertebrate ————————— Introduction1 MooMooMath and Science (YouTube Channel) MooMooMath and Science (Official Website) Dictionary Invertebrate : lacking a spinal column — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Thesaurus Roget’s II (Thesaurus.com), Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, Visuwords Encyclopedia Invertebrate is an animal that neither … Continue reading Invertebrate

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Oort Cloud / Scholz’s Star ————————— Introduction1 Anton Petrov (WhatdaMath, YouTube Channel) Encyclopedia Scholz’s Star (WISE designation WISE 0720−0846 or fully WISE J072003.20−084651.2) is a dim binary stellar system about 17–23 light-years (5.1–7.2 parsecs) from the Sun in the southern … Continue reading Scholz’s Star

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Lion ————————— Introduction1 WildCiencias (YouTube Channel) Dictionary lion : a large heavily built social cat (Panthera leo) of open or rocky areas chiefly of sub-Saharan Africa though once widely distributed throughout Africa and southern Asia that has a tawny body … Continue reading Lion

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Mammoth ————————— Introduction1 Dino Fossils UK (YouTube Channel) Dino Fossils UK (Official Website) Dictionary mammoth : any of a genus (Mammuthus) of extinct Pleistocene mammals of the elephant family distinguished from recent elephants by highly ridged molars, usually large size, … Continue reading Mammoth

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Ostrich ————————— Introduction1 Free School (YouTube Channel) Free School (Facebook) Dictionary ostrich : a swift-footed 2-toed flightless ratite bird (Struthio camelus) of Africa that is the largest of existing birds and often weighs 300 pounds (140 kilograms) — Merriam-Webster … Continue reading Ostrich

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Scattered Disc / Sedna ————————— Introduction1 Beyond Pluto (V101 Science, YouTube Playlist) V101 Science (Facebook) Encyclopedia Sedna (minor-planet designation 90377 Sedna) is a dwarf planet in the outer reaches of the Solar System. Spectroscopy has revealed that Sedna’s surface composition … Continue reading Sedna

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Walrus ————————— Introduction1 WWF UK (YouTube Channel) WWF-UK (Official Website) Dictionary walrus : a large gregarious marine mammal (Odobenus rosmarus of the family Odobenidae) of arctic waters related to the seals that has limbs modified into webbed flippers, long ivory … Continue reading Walrus

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Bat ————————— Introduction1 Free School (YouTube Channel) Free School (Facebook) Dictionary bat : any of a widely distributed order (Chiroptera) of nocturnal usually frugivorous or insectivorous flying mammals that have wings formed from four elongated digits of the forelimb covered … Continue reading Bat

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Parrot ————————— Introduction1 Why can parrots talk? (Grace Smith-Vidaurre and Tim Wright, TED-Ed) TED-Ed (YouTube Channel) Dictionary parrot : any of numerous widely distributed tropical birds (order Psittaciformes and especially family Psittacidae) that are often crested and brightly colored, … Continue reading Parrot

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Tortoise ————————— Introduction1 Thera Planet (YouTube Channel) Dictionary tortoise : any of a family (Testudinidae) of terrestrial turtles — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Encyclopedia Tortoises are a family, Testudinidae. Testudinidae is a Family under the order Testudines … Continue reading Tortoise

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Oort Cloud Etc. ————————— Introduction1 Where Does the Solar System End? (NASA Space Place) NASA Space Place (YouTube Channel) Encyclopedia Oort cloud, named after the Dutch astronomer Jan Oort, sometimes called the Öpik–Oort cloud, is a theoretical cloud of predominantly … Continue reading Oort Cloud

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Tree of Life ————————— Introduction1 FuseSchool Global Education (YouTube Channel) FuseSchool (Facebook) Encyclopedia Tree of life or Universal Tree of Life is a metaphor, model and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living … Continue reading Tree of Life

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Chimpanzee ————————— Introduction1 Animal Fact Files (YouTube Channel) Animal Fact Files (Facebook) Dictionary chimpanzee : an anthropoid ape (Pan troglodytes) of equatorial Africa that is smaller and more arboreal than the gorilla — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Encyclopedia … Continue reading Chimpanzee

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Dinosaur ————————— Introduction1 American Museum of Natural History (YouTube Channel) American Museum of Natural History (Official Website) Dictionary Dinosaur : any of a group (Dinosauria) of extinct often very large chiefly terrestrial carnivorous or herbivorous reptiles of the Mesozoic … Continue reading Dinosaur

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Matter / Microscope ————————— Introduction1 Malmesbury Education (YouTube Channel) Malmesbury Education (Facebook) Dictionary microscope : an instrument for making enlarged images of objects — Merriam-Webster   See also OneLook Thesaurus Roget’s II (Thesaurus.com), Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, Visuwords Encyclopedia Microscope is an instrument used to see objects … Continue reading Microscope

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Scattered Disc / Eris ————————— Introduction1 Beyond Pluto (V101 Science, YouTube Playlist) V101 Science (Facebook) Encyclopedia Eris (minor-planet designation 136199 Eris) is the most massive and second-largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System. It is a Trans-Neptunian object (TNO) … Continue reading Eris

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Kuiper Belt / Makemake ————————— Introduction1 Beyond Pluto (V101 Science, YouTube Playlist) V101 Science (Facebook) Encyclopedia Makemake (minor-planet designation 136472 Makemake) is a dwarf planet and perhaps the largest Kuiper belt object in the classical population, with a diameter approximately … Continue reading Makemake

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Terrestrial Planet ————————— Introduction1 MooMooMath and Science (YouTube Channel) MooMooMath and Science (Official Website) Encyclopedia Terrestrial planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial … Continue reading Terrestrial Planet

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Planetary System ————————— Introduction1 James Webb Space Telescope (YouTube Channel) James Webb Space Telescope (Official Website) Encyclopedia Planetary system is a set of gravitationally bound non-stellar objects in or out of orbit around a star or star system. Generally speaking, systems with one … Continue reading Planetary System

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Scattered Disc / Planet X ————————— Introduction1 TED (YouTube Channel) TED (Official Website) Encyclopedia Planet X was a disproved hypothetical planet proposed in 1906 by Percival Lowell to have existed beyond the planet Neptune. Colloquially, and by extension, any hypothetical … Continue reading Planet X

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Scattered Disc ————————— Introduction1 Wikipedia TTS (YouTube Channel) Scattered Disc (Wikipedia) Encyclopedia Scattered disc (or scattered disk) is a distant circumstellar disc in the Solar System that is sparsely populated by icy small solar system bodies, which are a subset … Continue reading Scattered Disc

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Planetary System / Brown Dwarf ————————— Introduction1 Astronomic (YouTube Channel) Astronomic (Facebook) Encyclopedia Brown dwarfs are substellar objects that are not massive enough to sustain nuclear fusion of ordinary hydrogen (1H) into helium in their cores, unlike a main-sequence star. Instead, they have … Continue reading Brown Dwarf

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Kuiper Belt / Haumea ————————— Introduction1 Beyond Pluto (V101 Science, YouTube Playlist) V101 Science (Facebook) Encyclopedia Haumea (minor-planet designation 136108 Haumea) is a dwarf planet located beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was discovered in 2004 by a team headed by Mike … Continue reading Haumea

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Force / Gravity ————————— Introduction1 Minute Physics (Henry Reich, YouTube Channel) Minute Physics (Henry Reich, Official Website) Dictionary gravity : (1) : the gravitational attraction of the mass of the earth, the moon, or a planet for bodies at or near its surface (2) : … Continue reading Gravity

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Invertebrate / Spider ————————— Introduction1 Animal Fact Files (YouTube Channel) Animal Fact Files (Facebook) Dictionary spider : any of an order (Araneae synonym Araneida) of arachnids having a short, usually unsegmented abdomen linked to the cephalothorax by the pedicel, chelicerae modified … Continue reading Spider

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Matter / Periodic Table I wish to establish some sort of system not guided by chance but by some sort of definite and exact principle. — Dmitri Mendeleev ————————— Introduction1 American Chemical Society (YouTube Channel) Periodic Table (American Chemical Society) Dictionary periodic+table : an arrangement … Continue reading Periodic Table

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Small Body / Centaur ————————— Introduction1 GCSE Astronomy (Lawrence Smallman, YouTube Playlist) Encyclopedia Centaurs is a small Solar System body with either a perihelion or a semi-major axis between those of the outer planets. Centaurs generally have unstable orbits because … Continue reading Centaur

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Small Body ————————— Introduction1 NASA (YouTube Channel) NASA (Official Website) Encyclopedia Small Solar System Body (SSSB) is an object in the Solar System that is neither a planet, a dwarf planet, nor a natural satellite. The term was first defined … Continue reading Small Body

Cosma / Communication / Media / Computation / Digital / Computer / Quantum ————————— Introduction1 Institute for Quantum Computing (YouTube Channel) Institute for Quantum Computing (Official Website) Encyclopedia Quantum computing is computing using quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement. A quantum computer is a device that performs quantum computing. They are different from binary … Continue reading Quantum Computer

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Kuiper Belt ————————— Introduction1 NASA 360 (YouTube Channel) NASA 360 (Official Website) Encyclopedia Kuiper belt is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune at 30 astronomical units (AU) to approximately 50 AU from … Continue reading Kuiper Belt

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Whale ————————— Introduction1 Natural World Facts (Leo Richards, YouTube Channel) Natural World Facts (Leo Richards, Official Website) Cetacean Fact Sheets (American Cetacean Society) Whales (One Zoom) Whale (WolframAlpha) Dictionary whale : any of various very large, aquatic, marine mammals (order … Continue reading Whale

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Galaxy / Andromeda ————————— Introduction1 NASA Goddard (YouTube Channel) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Official Website) Encyclopedia Andromeda Galaxy, also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224, is a spiral galaxy approximately 780 kiloparsecs (2.5 million light-years) from Earth, and the nearest … Continue reading Andromeda

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Jovian Planet ————————— Introduction1 Launch Pad Astronomy (Christian Ready, YouTube Channel) Encyclopedia Jovian planets, after Jupiter, are also called giant planets or gas giants. However, many astronomers apply the latter term only to Jupiter and Saturn, classifying Uranus and Neptune, … Continue reading Jovian Planet

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Law / Relativity In our time, there has been unloosed a cataclysm which has swept away space, time, and matter hitherto regarded as the firmest pillars of natural science, but only to make place for a view of things of wider scope, and entailing a … Continue reading Relativity

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Asteroid Belt / Ceres ————————— Introduction1 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (YouTube Channel) NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Official Website) Encyclopedia Ceres (minor-planet designation: 1 Ceres) is a dwarf planet in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Originally … Continue reading Ceres

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Asteroid Belt / Vesta ————————— Introduction1 NASA Video (YouTube Channel) NASA (Official Website) Encyclopedia Vesta, minor-planet designation 4 Vesta, is one of the largest objects in the asteroid belt, with a mean diameter of 525 kilometres (326 mi). Vesta is … Continue reading Vesta

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Asteroid Belt ————————— Introduction1 American Museum of Natural History (YouTube Channel) American Museum of Natural History (Official Website) Encyclopedia Asteroid belt is a torus-shaped region in the Solar System, located roughly between the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars. … Continue reading Asteroid Belt

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Matter / Molecule Deep in the sea all molecules repeat the patterns of one another till complex new ones are formed. They make others like themselves and a new dance starts. Growing in size and complexity living things masses of atoms DNA, protein dancing a … Continue reading Molecule

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Matter ————————— Introduction1 Peter Weatherall (YouTube Channel) Peter Weatherall (Official Website) Dictionary matter : material substance that occupies space, has mass, and is composed predominantly of atoms consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons, that constitutes the observable universe, and that is interconvertible with energy — … Continue reading Matter

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Force / Electromagnetism / Light ————————— Introduction1 Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell (YouTube Channel) Courtesy of Kurzgesagt.org (Official Website) Dictionary light : electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength that travels in a vacuum with a speed of 299,792,458 meters (about 186,000 miles) per second; specifically : … Continue reading Light

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Force / Electromagnetism Changing electric fields produce magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields produce electric fields. Thus the fields can animate one another in turn, giving birth to self-reproducing disturbances that travel at the speed of light.   Ever since Maxwell, we understand that these … Continue reading Electromagnetism

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Invertebrate / Octopus ————————— Introduction1 Deep Marine Scenes (YouTube Channel) Deep Marine Scenes (Facebook) Dictionary octopus : genus (Octopus) of cephalopod mollusks that have eight muscular arms equipped with two rows of suckers; broadly : any octopod excepting the paper nautilus … Continue reading Octopus

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Matter / Atom A way to remember their size is this: if an apple is magnified to the size of the earth, then the atoms in the apple are approximately the size of the original apple. — Richard Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics ————————— … Continue reading Atom

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Microorganism / Tardigrade (Water Bear) ————————— Introduction1 One Minute Explore (YouTube Channel) One Minute Explore (Facebook) Dictionary tardigrade : any of a phylum (Tardigrada) of microscopic invertebrates with four pairs of stout legs that live usually in water or damp moss — called … Continue reading Tardigrade

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Galaxy / Milky Way ————————— Introduction1 NASASolarSystem (YouTube Channel) Solar System Exploration (NASA, Official Website) Dictionary Milky Way : the galaxy of which the sun and the solar system are a part and which contains the myriads of stars that create the light … Continue reading Milky Way

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Force / Electromagnetism / Light / Color ————————— Introduction1 Stillpoint X (YouTube Channel) Dictionary color : a phenomenon of light (such as red, brown, pink, or gray) or visual perception that enables one to differentiate otherwise identical objects — Merriam-Webster   See also OneLook Thesaurus … Continue reading Color

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Matter / Particle ————————— Introduction1 Fermilab (YouTube Channel) Fermilab (Official Website) Dictionary particle : any of the basic units of matter and energy (such as a molecule, atom, proton, electron, or photon) —   See also OneLook Thesaurus Roget’s II (Thesaurus.com), Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, Visuwords Encyclopedia … Continue reading Particle

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Fish ————————— Introduction1 Marine Science Otago (YouTube Channel) New Zealand Marine Studies Centre (Official Website) Dictionary fish : any of numerous cold-blooded strictly aquatic craniate vertebrates that include the bony fishes and usually the cartilaginous and jawless fishes and … Continue reading Fish

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Astronomical Instrument ————————— Introduction1 Launch Pad Astronomy (Christian Ready, YouTube Channel) Launch Pad Astronomy (Christian Ready, Official Website) Encyclopedia Astronomical instruments are the tools used to observe objects and phenomena that occur in space. These can include both terrestrial and satellite-borne telescopes. High precision optical … Continue reading Astronomical Instrument

Polar Party This 360° image is one of a series of Toy Worlds that serve as a 3D interface to Cosma. Click on objects to learn more about them. You can also explore this Toy World on Kuula. Dogs owners are feeding their dogs cheap pills to help them live longer — if it works, … Continue reading Scrap NE

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Invertebrate / Lobster ————————— Introduction1 Animal Fact Files (YouTube Channel) Animal Fact Files (Facebook) Dictionary lobster : any of a family (Nephropidae and especially Homarus americanus) of large edible marine decapod crustaceans that have stalked eyes, a pair of large claws, … Continue reading Lobster

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Cat ————————— Introduction1 The history of the world according to cats (Eva-Maria Geigl, TED-Ed) TED-Ed (YouTube Channel) Dictionary cat : : a carnivorous mammal (Felis catus) long domesticated as a pet and for catching rats and mice — Merriam-Webster   … Continue reading Cat

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Invertebrate / Bee ————————— Introduction1 Facts Net (YouTube Channel) Facts Net (Official Website) Dictionary bee : any of numerous hymenopterous insects that differ from the related wasps especially in the heavier hairier body and in having sucking as well as chewing … Continue reading Bee

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Bear ————————— Introduction1 Free School (YouTube Channel) Free School (Facebook) Dictionary bear : any of a family of large heavy mammals of America and Eurasia that have long shaggy hair, rudimentary tails, and plantigrade feet and feed largely on fruit, … Continue reading Bear

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Dolphin ————————— Introduction1 How smart are dolphins? (Lori Marino, TED-Ed) TED-Ed (YouTube Channel) Dictionary dolphin : any of various small marine toothed whales (family Delphinidae) with the snout more or less elongated into a beak and the neck vertebrae partially … Continue reading Dolphin

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Frog ————————— Introduction1 World Of Exotic Creatures (YouTube Channel) Dictionary frog : any of various largely aquatic leaping anuran amphibians (such as ranids) that have slender bodies with smooth moist skin and strong long hind legs with webbed feet … Continue reading Frog

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Monkey ————————— Introduction1 Odyssey Earth (YouTube Channel) Odyssey Earth (Official Website) Dictionary monkey : a nonhuman primate mammal with the exception usually of the lemurs and tarsiers; especially : any of the smaller longer-tailed catarrhine or platyrrhine primates as contrasted … Continue reading Monkey

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Giraffe ————————— Introduction1 Free School (YouTube Channel) Free School (Facebook) Dictionary giraffe : a large fleet African ruminant mammal that is the tallest of living quadrupeds and has a very long neck and a short coat with dark blotches separated … Continue reading Giraffe

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Planetary System / Moon ————————— Introduction1 Minute Earth (YouTube Channel) Minute Earth (Facebook) Minute Physics (YouTube Channel) Minute Physics (Official Website) Dictionary moon : a natural satellite of a planet — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Encyclopedia Natural satellite or moon is … Continue reading Moon

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Microorganism ————————— Introduction1 FuseSchool Global Education (YouTube Channel) FuseSchool (Facebook) Dictionary microorganism : an organism (such as a bacterium or protozoan) of microscopic or ultramicroscopic size — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Encyclopedia Microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may … Continue reading Microorganism

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Invertebrate / Ant ————————— Introduction1 Inside the ant colony (Deborah M. Gordon, TED-Ed) TED-Ed (YouTube Channel) Dictionary ant : any of a family (formicidae) of colonial hymenopterous insects with a complex social organization and various castes performing special duties — Merriam-Webster … Continue reading Ant

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Shark ————————— Introduction1 Deep Marine Scenes (YouTube Channel) Deep Marine Scenes (Facebook) Dictionary shark : any of numerous mostly marine cartilaginous fishes of medium to large size that have a fusiform body, lateral branchial clefts, and a tough usually … Continue reading Shark

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life /Animal / Mammal / Elephant ————————— Introduction1 WWF UK (YouTube Channel) WWF-UK (Official Website) Dictionary elephant : a thickset, usually extremely large, nearly hairless, herbivorous mammal (family Elephantidae, the elephant family) that has a snout elongated into a muscular trunk and two incisors in … Continue reading Elephant

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Terrestrial / Life / Animal / Vertebrate / Owl ————————— Introduction1 Free School (YouTube Channel) Free School (Facebook) Dictionary owl : any of an order (Strigiformes) of chiefly nocturnal birds of prey with a large head and eyes, short hooked bill, strong talons, and soft fluffy often … Continue reading Owl

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Small Body / Comet ————————— Introduction1 GCSE Astronomy (Lawrence Smallman, YouTube Playlist) Dictionary comet : a celestial body that appears as a fuzzy head usually surrounding a bright nucleus, that has a usually highly eccentric orbit, that consists primarily of … Continue reading Comet

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Jovian / Neptune ————————— Introduction1 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (YouTube Channel) NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Official Website) Dictionary Neptune : the planet eighth in order from the sun — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Encyclopedia Neptune Neptune is the … Continue reading Neptune

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Terrestrial/ Venus ————————— Introduction1 NASA (YouTube Channel) NASA (Official Website) Dictionary Venus : the planet second in order from the sun — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Encyclopedia Venus is the third smallest planet in the Solar System, it … Continue reading Venus

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Terrestrial/ Earth / Moon ————————— Introduction1 NASA Goddard (YouTube Channel) Goddard Space Flight Center (Official Website) Dictionary Moon : the earth’s natural satellite (see satellite 2a) that shines by the sun’s reflected light, revolves about the earth from west to … Continue reading Earth Moon

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Small Body / Asteroid ————————— Introduction1 American Museum of Natural History (YouTube Channel) American Museum of Natural History (Official Site) Dictionary asteroid : any of the small rocky celestial bodies — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Encyclopedia Asteroids are … Continue reading Asteroid

Cosma / Communication / Knowledge / Realm / Physical / Universe / Solar System / Jovian / Uranus ————————— Introduction1 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (YouTube Channel) NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Official Website) Dictionary Uranus : the planet seventh in order from the sun — Merriam-Webster   See also   OneLook Encyclopedia Uranus is the seventh … Continue reading Uranus